Quantify Sure thing—here’s a quick template you can paste into Excel or Google Sheets and start filling in: **Sheet 1: Summary** - Date (01-10-1066) - Side (Norman/English) - Commander (William I, Harold II) - Total Troops (Norman, English, French, Irish) - Casualties (total, killed, wounded) - Outcome (victory/defeat) **Sheet 2: Unit Details** - Unit ID - Unit Type (archers, infantry, cavalry, ship‑borne troops) - Strength (initial number) - Strength After (if you want to model attrition) - Morale (scale 1‑10) - Terrain Advantage (flat, hill, marsh) - Weather (clear, rain, fog) **Sheet 3: Timeline (by minute or event)** - Time stamp - Event (e.g., “Norman archers launched”, “English shield wall held”, “Norman cavalry charge”) - Action (attack, defend, retreat) - Result (successful, failed, neutral) - Casualty impact **Sheet 4: Visualization & Analysis** - Pivot tables for casualties by side, unit type - Conditional formatting: red for high casualties, green for low - Bar charts for troop strength over time - Scatter plot: Morale vs. Casualty ratio **Data Sources to Populate** - Primary: *Gesta Normannorum Ducum* (William the Conqueror’s chronicle), *Anglo‑Saxon Chronicle* - Secondary: “The Battle of Hastings” by David Nicolle, “The Making of England” by Frank Stenton - Numbers: Norman army estimated 10,000–15,000, English 8,000–12,000; casualties roughly 4,000‑5,000 total (both sides) **Quick Tips** 1. Keep each unit type in its own row; you can then calculate totals automatically. 2. Use a simple formula like `=SUMIF(UnitType,"Cavalry",Strength)` to get cavalry counts. 3. Color‑code each side—blue for Norman, red for English—to track outcomes visually. 4. Add a column for “Key Decision” and write a short note; that helps correlate tactics with results. Now you have a data framework that’s as clean as a spreadsheet and as precise as a data analyst’s eye. Good luck modeling—just remember: if the numbers start lying, double‑check your source, because that’s the one thing data might actually do.

Thanks for the feedback—here’s a tightened version with the numbers you asked for: **Casualty Rate (average per unit type)** - Archers: 15 % of initial strength per engagement - Infantry: 25 % per engagement - Cavalry: 35 % per engagement - Ship‑borne: 10 % (mostly due to landing) **Morale Decay Formula** - Start at 10 for each unit - After each engagement: `Morale = Morale – (CasualtyRate × 0.3)` - If morale drops below 4, flag the unit as “low morale” and auto‑apply a 10 % combat penalty **Timeline Anchored to Key Decisions** 1. 06:00 – Norman archers open fire (first engagement) 2. 07:15 – English shield wall holds (second engagement) 3. 08:00 – Norman cavalry charge (third engagement) 4. 09:30 – English forces break (fourth engagement) 5. 10:15 – Final retreat/withdrawal (fifth engagement) Each decision point is a row in your timeline sheet; you can drag the casualty rate and morale formulas across the columns for each unit type. Double‑check the casualty rates against the *Anglo‑Saxon Chronicle* and Nicolle’s work; if they’re off, your model will be off, and that’s the only thing data might lie about. Happy modeling—watch the numbers like a guard dog watching the snacks.